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A bioretention cell in Raleigh, NC significantly reduced the concentrations of fecal coliform and E. coli in stormwater. Efficiency ratios were 0.69 for fecal coliform and 0.71 for E. coli.

Hunt, William F., J. T. Smith, S. J. Jadlocki, J. M. Hathaway, and P. R. Eubanks. (2008). Pollutant removal and peak flow mitigation by a bioretention cell in urban Charlotte, NC. Journal of Environmental Engineering.

Coastal wetlands reduce the damaging effects of hurricanes on coastal communities. Coastal wetlands in the United States are estimated to provide $23.2 billion a year in storm protection services. A loss of 1...

Costanza, Robert, Octavio Pérez-Maqueo, M. Luisa Martinez, Paul Sutton, Sharolyn J. Anderson, and Kenneth Mulder. (2008). The value of coastal wetlands for hurricane protection. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 37(4), 241-248.

The combination of green roofs and green walls can lower ambient temperatures in typical "urban canyon"-like streets, achieving up to a 12.8˚C (23˚F) ambient temperature difference in an arid climate, and 8.4˚C (15...

Alexandri, Eleftheria, and Phil Jones. (2008) Temperature decreases in an urban canyon due to green walls and green roofs in diverse climates. Building and Environment 43(4), 480-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.10.055

Experiencing nature promotes recovery from crisis better than taking a walk or interacting with friends, and the benefits may be larger for those who are suffering the most. People with many experiences of nature...

Ottosson, Johan, and Patrik Grahn. (2008). The role of natural settings in crisis rehabilitation: How does the level of crisis influence the response to experiences of nature with regard to measures of rehabilitation? Landscape Research, 33(1), 51-70.

Children living in areas of New York City with more street trees have a lower prevalence of asthma, as indicated by a study of children aged 4-5 years in 42 health service catchment areas. The rate of early...

Lovasi, Gina S., James W. Quinn, Kathryn M. Neckerman, Matthew S. Perzanowski, and Andrew Rundle. (July 2008). Children living in areas with more street trees have lower prevalence of asthma. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 62(7): 647-649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.071894

In 8 out of 10 urban arterial and city road sections studied in Texas, a statistically significant decrease in traffic accidents was observed after landscape improvements.

Mok, Jeong-Hun, Harlow C. Landphair, and Jody R. Naderi. (2006). Landscape improvement impacts on roadside safety in Texas. Landscape and Urban Planning 78(3), 263-274.

A green roof test plot at the University of Georgia retained 88% of precipitation for small storms (<1 inch), 48% for larger storms (>3 inches), and delayed the peak flow by an average of 18 minutes for 31 rain events between Nov 2003 and Nov 2004.

Carter, Timothy L., and Todd C. Rasmussen. (2006). Evaluation of the hydrologic behavior of green roofs. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 42(5), 1261-1274.

The perceived health of residents increases as the amount of green space increases within 3 km of their homes, regardless of how urban the respondents' homes are. 15.5% of respondents living near the lowest amount...

Maas, Jolanda, Robert A. Verheij, Peter P. Groenewegen, Sjerp De Vries, and Peter Spreeuwenberg. “Green Space, Urbanity, and Health: How Strong Is the Relation?” Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 60, no. 7 (July 2006): 587–92. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.043125.

Watershed simulation modeling demonstrated that roadside and riparian urban forest buffers can reduce nutrient loading in an urbanizing watershed. Forested roadside buffers reduced nitrogen loss by 6.59% and...

Matteo, Michelle, Timothy Randhir, and David Bloniarz. (2006). Watershed-scale impacts of forest buffers on water quality and runoff in urbanizing environment. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 132(3), 144-152.

Computer modeling estimates that urban trees in the contiguous U.S. remove 711,000 metric tons of carbon, monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide each year, a service with an annual...

Nowak, David J., Daniel E. Crane, and Jack C. Stevens. (2006). Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4(3), 115-123.

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