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A Michigan State University study used test platforms to test the influence of roof slope (2 and 6.5%) and green roof media depth (2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 cm) on stormwater retention. For all combined rain events...

VanWoert, Nicholaus D., D. Bradley Rowe, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Clayton L. Rugh, R. Thomas Fernandez, and Lan Xiao. (2005). Green Roof Stormwater Retention: Effects of Roof Surface, Slope, and Media Depth. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34(3), 1036-1044.

Elderly residents in a geriatric home had increased powers of concentration after a visit to a garden, compared to after relaxing in a favorite room indoors.

Ottoson, Johan and Patrik Grahn. (2005). A Comparison of Leisure Time Spent in a Garden with Leisure Time Spent Indoors: On Measures of Restoration in Residents in Geriatric Care. Landscape Research 30, 1: 23-55.

A study of 8 British schools found that moderate to vigorous physical activity levels were 32% higher for children on playgrounds with brightly colored markings as compared to activity levels of children on...

Stratton, Gareth, and Elaine Mullan. “The Effect of Multicolor Playground Markings on Children’s Physical Activity Level during Recess.” Preventive Medicine 41, no. 5-6 (2005): 828-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.07.009.

In a Portland, Oregon study of elderly women living alone, urban form with mixed services and good pedestrian access was associated with more walking. Additionally, elderly women in standard suburban residencies...

Patterson, Patricia K., and Nancy J. Chapman. (2004). Urban Form and Older Residents’ Service Use, Walking, Driving, Quality of Life, and Neighborhood Satisfaction. American Journal of Health Promotion 19(1), 45-53.

A study of the mid-block portion of five urban roads in Toronto found a statistically significant decrease in traffic accidents after landscape improvements to the center median and edge of the curb lane.

Naderi, Jody Rosenblatt. (2003). Landscape design in the clear zone: Effect of landscape variables on pedestrian health and driver safety. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1851(1), 119-130.

Office workers with views of nature report greater job satisfaction than those with no views or views without nature.

Kaplan, Rachel. (2003). The Role of Nature in the Context of the Workplace. Landscape and Urban Planning, 26(1), 193-201.

A study of 85 office buildings in Cleveland found 7% higher rental rates for commercial offices with landscapes rated highly for their aesthetic value and shade.

(2003). The influence of trees and landscaping on rental rates at office buildings. Journal of Arboriculture 29(5): 281-290.

Neighborhood design, namely walkability, may contribute to significantly more overall physical activity of residents. In walkable neighborhoods, the increase in walking for errands amounted to 70 more minutes of...

Saelens, Brian E., James F. Sallis, Jennifer B. Black, and Diana Chen. (2003) Neighborhood-based differences in physical activity: An environment scale evaluation. American Journal of Public Health 93(9), 1552-1559.

In a study that compared psychophysiological stress recovery and directed attention restoration, people recovered from stressful situations faster when they sat in a room with a window view of trees compared to when...

Hartig, Terry, Gary W. Evans, Larry D. Jamner, Deborah S. Davis, and Tommy Gärling. (2003). Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(2), 109-123.

In a nationwide survey, residents of revitalizing neighborhood business districts indicated that they would be willing to travel farther, visit more often, stay longer, and pay more for parking when visiting retail...

Wolf, Kathleen L. (2003). Public response to the urban forest in inner-city business districts. Journal of Arboriculture, 29(3), 117-126.

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