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In a mail survey of 404 U.S. drivers, visual preference increased for roadways with vegetation screening adjacent commercial land uses. Generally, visual preference increased with both increased quantities of...

Wolf, Kathleen L. (2003). Freeway roadside management: The urban forest beyond the white line. Journal of Arboriculture 29(3), 127-136.

Evidence from studies in inner-city Chicago links trees and grassy areas to stronger ties among neighbors, a greater sense of safety, healthier patterns of play in children, more use of neighborhood common spaces...

Kuo, Frances E. (2003). The role of arboriculture in a healthy social ecology. Journal of Arboriculture. 29(3), 148-155.

A Dutch study found that living in a green environment was positively related to the health of residents. The effect was somewhat stronger for less-educated residents, suggesting that this group is more sensitive to...

De Vries, Sjerp, Robert A. Verheij, Peter P. Groenewegen, and Peter Spreeuwenberg. (2003). Natural Environments - Healthy Environments? An Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship Between Greenspace and Health. Environment and Planning. A 35(10), 1717-1731.

Senior citizens in urban areas have a higher longevity when the environment around their home includes walkable green spaces, less noise from traffic, and when their homes have more hours of sunlight. Living near...

Takano, Takehito, Keiko Nakamura, and Masafumi Watanabe. (2002). Urban residential environments and senior citizens’ longevity in megacity areas: The importance of walkable green spaces. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56(12), 913-918.

A review of 10 studies suggests that creating or enhancing access to places for physical activity, such as fitness centers or trails, combined with informational outreach, such as training on equipment or health...

Howze, Elizabeth H., Kenneth E. Powell, Elaine J. Stone, and Mummy W. Rajab. The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22, no. 4S (2002): 73-107.

In a study at a Chicago public housing development, girls living in apartments with greener, more natural views scored better on tests of self-discipline than those living in more barren but otherwise identical...

Taylor, Andrea Faber, Frances E. Kuo, and William C. Sullivan. (2002). Views of nature and self-discipline: Evidence from inner city children. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22(1), 49-63.

In a study of two hotels in Zurich, Switzerland, researchers used price premiums and increases in occupancy rates to compare rooms within the same hotels, identical except for their views. They estimate that the...

Lange, Eckart, and Peter V. Schaeffer. “A Comment on the Market Value of a Room with a View.” Landscape and Urban Planning 55, no. 2 (2001): 113–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(01)00148-7.

In a study of residents of a Chicago public housing complex, women living in buildings with trees and grass immediately outside reported committing fewer aggressive and violent acts against their partners than those...

Kuo, Frances E., and William C. Sullivan. (2001). Aggression and violence in the inner city: Effects of environment via mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior 33(4), 543-471.

A Berlin study found that proximity to playgrounds in residential areas raised land values by up to 16%. The same study found a high number of street trees to raise values by 17%.

Luther, Mike, and Dietwald Gruehn. (2001). Putting a price on urban green spaces. Landscape Design: Journal of the Landscape Institute, 303, 23-26.

In a study of a Chicago public housing development, buildings with high levels of trees and greenery had 48% fewer property crimes and 56% fewer violent crimes than identical apartments surrounded by barren land...

Kuo, Frances E., and William C. Sullivan. (2001). Environment and crime in the inner city: Does vegetation reduce crime? Environment and Behavior. 33(3), 343-367.

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