In a review of 87 studies published from 2000 to 2021, 71% demonstrated that nature-based solutions were a consistently cost-effective approach to mitigating hazards. Among these studies, 65% found that nature-based solutions are more effective in attenuating hazards than engineering-based solutions.
Vicarelli, Marta, Karen Sudmeier-Rieux, Ali Alsadadi, Aryen Shrestha, Simon Schütze, Michael M. Kang, Madeline Leue, David Wasielewski, and Jaroslav Mysiak. “On the cost-effectiveness of Nature-based Solutions for reducing disaster risk.” Science of The Total Environment 947 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174524